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Spring提供了一种简单便捷的模板类 RestTemplate
来调用 RESTful
接口。它提供了多种便捷访问HTTP服务的方法,能够大大提高客户端的编写效率。
RestTemplate方法 | HTTP方法 |
---|
getForEntity | GET |
getForObject | GET |
postForEntity | POST |
postForObject | POST |
put | PUT |
patch | PATCH |
delete | DELETE |
exchange | any |
execute | any |
1、RESTful API接口
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| @RestController @Slf4j public class RestfulController { @GetMapping(value = "/getUser1", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE) public User getUser1() { return new User(1L, "zhaoxb"); }
@GetMapping(value = "/getUser2", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE) public User getUser2(User user) { log.info("getUser2:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonPrettyStr(user)); return user; }
@PostMapping(value = "/postUser", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE) public User postUser(User user) { log.info("postUser:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonPrettyStr(user)); return user; } @PostMapping(value = "/postBody", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE) public User postBody(@RequestBody User user) { log.info("postBody:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonPrettyStr(user)); return user; } }
|
GET
请求,不带参。GET
请求,带参。POST
请求,带参。POST
请求,带有请求体。
实体类,需要提供有参和无参构造
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| @Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class User { private Long id; private String name; }
|
RestTemplate配置类
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| @Configuration public class RestConfig { @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder) { RestTemplate restTemplate = restTemplateBuilder .setConnectTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(5000L)) .setReadTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(30000L)) .build(); return restTemplate; } }
|
2、发送GET请求
2.1、getForEntity方法,不带参
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| @ActiveProfiles("test") @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest @Slf4j public class RestfulGetTests { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Test public void getForEntity1() { ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://127.0.0.1:31000/getUser1", String.class); log.info("响应码:{}", responseEntity.getStatusCodeValue()); log.info("响应体:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonPrettyStr(responseEntity.getBody())); } }
|
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| 响应码:200 响应体:{ "name": "zhaoxb", "id": 1 }
|
2.2、getForEntity方法,数字占位符方式传参
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| @Test public void getForEntity2() { ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://127.0.0.1:31000/getUser2?id={1}&name={2}", String.class, 2, "zhaoxb"); log.info("响应体:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonPrettyStr(responseEntity.getBody())); }
|
用一个数字做占位符。最后是一个可变长度的参数,用来替换前面的占位符。
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| 响应体:{ "name": "zhaoxb", "id": 2 }
|
2.3、getForEntity方法,map占位符方式传参
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| @Test public void getForEntity3() { Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("id", 3); map.put("name", "zhaoxb"); ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://127.0.0.1:31000/getUser2?id={id}&name={name}", String.class, map); log.info("响应体:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonPrettyStr(responseEntity.getBody())); }
|
使用 name={name}
这种形式。最后一个参数是map,map的key为前边占位符的名字,value为实际参数值。
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| 响应体:{ "name": "zhaoxb", "id": 3 }
|
2.4、getForEntity方法,返回对象
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| @Test public void getForEntity4() { ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://127.0.0.1:31000/getUser1", User.class); log.info("响应体:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonPrettyStr(responseEntity.getBody())); }
|
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| 响应体:{ "name": "zhaoxb", "id": 1 }
|
2.5、getForObject方法,直接返回对象
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| @Test public void getForObject() { User User = restTemplate.getForObject("http://127.0.0.1:31000/getUser1", User.class); log.info("响应体:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonPrettyStr(User)); }
|
getForObject
是对getForEntity
函数的进一步封装,只关注返回消息的实体内容。
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| 响应体:{ "name": "zhaoxb", "id": 1 }
|
3、发送POST请求
用post方法发送带参的请求时,Map不能被定义为 HashMap
、LinkedHashMap
,而应被定义为 LinkedMultiValueMap
,这样参数才能成功传递到后台。
3.1、postForEntity方法
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| @Test public void postForEntity() { MultiValueMap<String, Object> multiValueMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(); multiValueMap.add("id", 5); multiValueMap.add("name", "zhaoxb"); ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity("http://127.0.0.1:31000/postUser", multiValueMap, User.class); log.info("响应码:{}", responseEntity.getStatusCodeValue()); log.info("响应体:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonPrettyStr(responseEntity.getBody())); }
|
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| 响应体:{ "name": "zhaoxb", "id": 5 }
|
3.2、postForObject方法
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| @Test public void postForObject() { MultiValueMap<String, Object> multiValueMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(); multiValueMap.add("id", 6); multiValueMap.add("name", "zhaoxb"); User user = restTemplate.postForObject("http://127.0.0.1:31000/postUser", multiValueMap, User.class); log.info("响应体:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonPrettyStr(user)); }
|
和 getForObject
相对应,只关注返回的消息体。
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| 响应体:{ "name": "zhaoxb", "id": 6 }
|
3.3、postForObject方法,带有请求体body
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| @Test public void postForObject2() { User reqUser = new User(10L, "zhaoxb"); User user = restTemplate.postForObject("http://127.0.0.1:31000/postBody", reqUser, User.class); log.info("响应体:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonPrettyStr(user)); }
|
RestTemplate
底层实现序列化和反序列化。
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| 响应体:{ "name": "zhaoxb", "id": 10 }
|
3.4、exchange方法
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| @Test public void exchange() { MultiValueMap<String, Object> multiValueMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(); multiValueMap.add("id", 7); multiValueMap.add("name", "zhaoxb"); HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(multiValueMap);
ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange("http://127.0.0.1:31000/postUser", HttpMethod.POST, httpEntity, User.class); log.info("响应体:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonPrettyStr(responseEntity.getBody())); }
|
HttpEntity
还支持带有HTTP请求头的构造方法。
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| 响应体:{ "name": "zhaoxb", "id": 7 }
|
用RestTemplate
发送PUT
、PATCH
、DELETE
方法与GET
、POST
方法非常类似,这里不做展开。
4、自定义template
4.1、自定义HTTP源
ClientHttpRequestFactory
是Spring定义的一个接口,用于生产ClientHttpRequest
对象,RestTemplate
只是模板类,抽象了很多调用方法,而底层真正使用何种框架发送HTTP请求是通过ClientHttpRequestFactory
指定的。
RestTemplate
默认使用的是SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory
,其内部使用的是JDK的java.net.HttpURLConnection
创建底层连接,默认是没有连接池的。可以通过 setRequestFactory
函数设置不同的HTTP源,比如 Apache HttpComponents
、Netty
和OkHttp
。
设置Apache HttpComponents
为HTTP客户端源
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| <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
|
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| @Configuration public class RestConfig { @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder) { RestTemplate restTemplate = restTemplateBuilder .setConnectTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(5000L)) .setReadTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(30000L)) .requestFactory(() -> clientHttpRequestFactory()) .build(); return restTemplate; }
@Bean public ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory() { HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClientBuilder.create();
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(); poolingHttpClientConnectionManager.setMaxTotal(100); poolingHttpClientConnectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(20); httpClientBuilder.setConnectionManager(poolingHttpClientConnectionManager);
HttpClient httpClient = httpClientBuilder.build(); HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient);
clientHttpRequestFactory.setConnectionRequestTimeout(30 * 1000); return clientHttpRequestFactory; } }
|
4.2、自定义messageConverter
RestTemplate
默认使用 jackson
来实现序列化和反序列化,默认情况下会注册MIME
类型的转换器,但可以通过 setMessageConverters
函数指定其他类型的转化器。
这里其实也可以用FastJson
库的FastJsonHttpMessageConverter4
类来做转换器,只是近些年FastJson
屡爆漏洞,还是建议用默认的jackson
来实现。
参考链接
代码地址